Re-examining Ubuntu as a Tool for Social Cohesion: The Silenced Immigrant Voice and Unjustifiable “Moral Arrival” of the Migrant in Post-apartheid City Writing by Mpe, Duiker, Moele, and Beukes

Underpinned by Leonard Praeg’s notion of “ontological betrayal” in ubuntu as lived-praxis, this article argues that post-apartheid “city writing” by Phaswane Mpe, K Sello Duiker, Kgebetli Moele and Lauren Beukes humanises “migrants” (those who journey to the South African city from rural South Africa) while neglecting “immigrants”, or black-African arrivals from outside the borders of South Africa. Consequently, a re-examination of the structure and function of ubuntu as a tool for social cohesion is necessary to counter negrophobic and xenophobic versions of an authentic “African” identity.