@inbook{0212f8eb7daf4afca5cee7cbc2095a2c,
title = "Beyond Maastricht: societal actors in European integration since 1992",
abstract = "In March 2005, Siim Kallas, then Vice-President of the Commission and Commissioner for Administrative Affairs, Audit and Anti-Fraud, in a speech at the European Foundation for Management in Nottingham, made no secret of his aversion to the involvement of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in European integration: {\textquoteleft}Many NGOs rely on public funding, some from the Commission … The Commission is paying lobbies, in order to be lobbied.{\textquoteright}1 Kallas was advocating the need for a European transparency initiative. In delivering his speech, he argued that it was not enough for the European Union (EU) institutions to be the focus of transparency drives: {\textquoteleft}Organizations, groups or persons in the ambit of European institutions which offer advice, represent clients, provide data or defend public causes should also be accountable. People are allowed to know who they are, what they do and what they stand for. There is nothing wrong with lobbies because each decision-making process needs proper information from different angles … But transparency is lacking.{\textquoteright}",
author = "Karen Heard-Laureote",
year = "2013",
month = feb,
day = "22",
doi = "10.1057/9781137017659_11",
language = "English",
isbn = "978-1-349-43715-3",
series = "Palgrave Studies in European Union Politics",
publisher = "Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.",
pages = "221--243",
editor = "Wolfram Kaiser and Jan-Henrik Meyer",
booktitle = "Societal actors in European integration",
address = "United Kingdom",
}